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  • Northern Ireland, then and in the future

    What I write here is a cryptic account of what I’ve posted before concerning life in Northern Ireland during the Troubles. I do so because now there is an upsurge of terror yet again, but this time denounced by the greater majority of the Catholics and all of the Protestants. I am an Englishman who was sent off to Belfast by the Navy during the war and on demobilisation returned to live here. When I came home I looked upon the Orange order as an outfit similar to the Boy Scouts and the Salvation Army, how wrong I was. In the 60s Northern Ireland had a flourishing economy to the extent that it was contributing to the national exchequer, not as now, holding out a begging bowl.. At that time a large proportion of the Catholic population looked upon themselves as second-class citizens, and were aggrieved. I had a close friend who was a Roman Catholic and felt this way, and many a night we argued till the small hours, and the fact that he had a good job, a nice home and a comfortable life, made no difference, it was ingrained.

    Living for 30 years in a reign of terror is debilitating in every aspect of life, there is tangible fear, irritation, frustration and immense hatred. There are threats, abuses, gang warfare and even collusion between the two opposition parties when it comes to criminal activities. There is serious structural damage, incredible expense for security reasons, and the whole population is subjected daily, even hourly, to body searches when going in and out of offices and shops, which alone is degrading and has a psychological effect . Something like the sacking of someone for criminal actions, can result in the sacker being subjected to some form of revenge, either personally physical, or to their property. I personally was threatened to be shot by the Royal Marines, even though I was a senior civil servant, English and ex-Navy. Criminal activities were rife, building contractors of every sort were paying protection money. Burglary was a daily event, my house was burgled five times and my cars stolen on four occasions, once by the IRA who put up 1000 miles in 10 days. I was held up by Republicans, by the UDA, and children with Molotov cocktails in the hands and a cigarette lighter to fire them up. Evening entertainment in the town was almost non-existent, and this is what a small proportion of The Republican movement wants to take us back to.

    During the troubles if there were disturbances in many areas, children were at the forefront stoning the police, the ambulancemen, or hijacking vehicles and setting them alight. These youngsters came, in the main, from depressed areas which themselves were under the control of the combattants.. Some of those areas were no go areas to the police and the army for the obvious strategic reasons, and so knee capping, shooting and punishment beatings were the order of the day. In America the Irish lobby had a vicarious interest in supplying the Republicans with finances and arms, I assume it made them feel that they were part of this glorious war, which was not a war at all, but just a lot of young man treating other people, as they put it, as ‘soft targets’ . It is my firm conviction because youngsters are still stoning, is that what is happening here with this new outrage, is that some people want to maintain a steady influx of youngsters to the cause,.

  • Responsible selection

    I am constantly writing that the government makes legislation with a broad brush which affects almost everyone, in circumstances where the need is only with respect to a small minority. What is also evident is that instead of a calm, reasoned approach to matters, they are dancing instead to the media tune, rushing to sound-bites, being subjected to unreasonable and belligerent questioning, instead of ignoring it. The press themselves are not beyond reproach, muck raking at every opportunity, using their great finances to importune information more for sensationalism than because there has been a serious breach of protocol.

    The business about the Home Secretary being unaware that a minor charge against the permissible account, just a few quid, for programmes on television, has been blown totally out of proportion, to the level of a witch hunt, and the Prime Minister of all people, has been wasting his valuable time, which should have been spent at this worrying period, on more serious matters, by giving sound-bites, and worse still acknowledgement that there was something wrong just by answering the question which should have been ignored. Indeed in those circumstances I would have thought either the Deputy Prime Minister, or some senior minister should have made a statement, thus giving the matter its due value. At a time when the whole country, from the most wealthy to the poorest, have suffered minor or really serious effects from something which should have been recognized and stamped out by the government, is not the time to start putting its private house in order, something which will take considerable time and distraction, when there are other more pressing issues, which we all know about.

    My regular readers will know that I have been against Britain hosting the Olympic Games from the outset. My reason was that only a very small proportion of the United Kingdom will have the opportunity of being at the arenas, at considerable expense, and the rest of us watching it on television, but footing the bill nonetheless. We know originally it was an ego trip for Tony Blair, who then walked away leaving Brown holding the baby. The ones who are most likely to profit from it are the media, the advertisers, and those personally involved. As to the rest, this is just another burden. It has since transpired that we can’t really afford pay for it. Currently we are being asked to foot the bill for the GE 20 bandwagon, in many millions of pounds, when according to the league table of countries suffering from the credit crunch, Britain is alleged to be at the bottom of the heap. Because so many foreign countries are involved, I would have thought that the whole thing should have been under the cloak of the United Nations and consequently paid for universally. I just wonder if this is an ego trip for Brown.

  • Let us stop and think.

    What started this train of thought, was the BBC programme, The Politics Show, unusually a complete waste of time, because all the politicians were ducking and weaving. Alistair Darling, at one point, stated that all the major countries were borrowing large quantities of money to plough into the world economy, thus justifying the fact that we were doing the same. What he didn’t tell us was where this large amount of borrowed money which nobody else seemed to have, was in fact coming from, unless it was the Arabs, or was it those offshore banks that all that money had disappeared into?

    Practically all of you who are reading this will not have known the 30s and the 40s. The latter part of the 30s was a period of contentment for a high proportion of the population, because at last we had come out of those depressing years post WW1. Then we had WW2 breaking up this idyllic condition, and were promised our jobs back if we survived. The problem was not enough of us were killed, and our jobs had been filled in the meantime, and we came back to unemployment, war damaged houses, and a very low standard of living. In other words something like what is going on today, only much worse. Then we had the extended family, which so few have today, and in consequence people who recently had thought they were secure, discover that they are now dependent on the nanny state. The recovery took until the 50s, during which time little changed in most respects. In the 50s, there was considerable expansion, people started buying cars, albeit second-hand ones, and jobs became more plentiful as the manufacturing industries expanded as a result of new designs, new inventions and the more buoyant economy.

    Have we something to learn from this? We have airfields paved with new cars, and the car industry falling apart and attempting to bring out new versions, when they have not sold the old. We are paying farmers for fields on which nothing is being grown, while at the same time importing items that are not fresh, but chemically engineered so that the ripening process is delayed until they are on the shop shelves, and starting to rot. A lot of our more tedious labours have been transferred abroad, such as telephone enquiries, garment manufacture, and worse still, a lot of the manufacture of electronic equipment. We were told that everything in the garden was lovely, and the fact of not having manufacturing didn’t matter because our main income came from the financial industry. Practically everything we buy seems to have a foreign label, so the question I would ask is, ‘have we enough skilled people to start manufacturing again?’ If the educational system for training tradesmen and engineers has been downgraded in the way that so much of our education has in recent years, will we ever be able to start up again and supply our own needs?

  • Self control and hype

    In the 20s and 30s children were regularly admonished with the phrase ‘behave yourself’, or ‘behave’. In shops they would have been no more allowed free range to rush about the shop, than they would have been allowed to steal. Today this is not the case. Crime generally is a case of lack of self-control, where the whim overrides the normal boundaries. Bad behaviour in children indicates a lack of parental control. When radio and the press were subjected to censorship, there was a sweeping embargo on anything not ‘nice’. The swinging 60s turned this totally upside-down, to where films from America, for realism, have foul language scattered like chaff through the dialogue, and even between syllables. It is unsurprising that a high percentage of teenagers are cursing. Governments have a tendency, as was shown recently, in order to eradicate a wrong, they make sweeping legislation which affects the majority as well as the offending minority. This was the case with corporal punishment. I was amused when one of my grandchildren was sent to sit on ‘the naughty step’ at the bottom of stairs for some misdemeanour. She accepted it quite naturally, and it seems to work, but the amusing part was that when the older child had completed her sentence, she came back into the room and took a swipe at the other child, which underlines that it is a fact of nature, including the animal kingdom, that we naturally accept corporal punishment as a way of curbing bad or dangerous behaviour. I have repeatedly stated that I was caned more than most for less than most, but I don’t sincerely think that my psyche has been damaged. There were some I came across who went too far, but they not the system should have been curbed.

    This long introduction is to show the continuous, and not necessarily the best changes that have taken place in our society in areas of social behaviour. What caused me to start this was that having been confined to a chair throughout the day, when reading became tedious I started looking at programmes on television which I’d never seen before, such as ‘Are you smarter than a 10-year-old?’ Gladiators, and a number of so-called, comedy programmes. We have known about canned laughter for a long time, this seems more prevalent, but one thing that I found difficult to swallow was the orchestrated hysteria not only among the participants, but in the audience as well. A large proportion of these types of promotions seen to be dependent upon offering incredible sums of money as prize money, thus providing the contestants with stress while deciding whether to take the next step or keep what they have earned. I believe that the ‘are you smarter.’ programme was more intended for the young than the adults. What I found absurd was the children had obviously been trained briefly, to act out of character, with wild gesticulation on their introduction, in order to hype the programme, which on the face of it was basically both slow and tedious. Both it and Gladiators were more to do with talking than action, and in the latter considerable weeping went on which I also think was pure theatre. There is no shadow of doubt that the drop in quality of television, from the point of view of repeats, re-enactments, and what is on offer, was predictable and inevitable, because of the vast number of programmes that are put out every day. We are told that we can switch off if we don’t like what’s on offer, and with the reduction in advertising revenue which is already hitting the industry, I think the quality will drop further and the repeats, especially those from archives that hadn’t been seen for over 40 years will increase. This is not the real problem, the real problem is whether the hysterical hype will find its way into our social lives, because in my view it shows a lack of taste, is pathetic and if it is truly hysterical, a lack of self-control. Today there is yet another anomaly, the cult of the celebrity. I was always under the impression that a celebrity was someone who had reached a high level of achievement in their chosen field, and was thus a household name, and highly respected. On television there are a number of programmes and repeats when so-called celebrities take part in game-shows, the introduction is lengthy because the chosen celebrity is hardly known, outside their television persona. These people permit themselves to be subjected to unbelievable indignities, presumably to enhance their acceptance. Like so much today this is yet another case of quality being sacrificed for a quick buck. The throwaway society by its very name respects little, and is symptomatic of the approach to so much that is on offer today, where money is more important than probity.

  • The light under the bushel

    The radio Times has made it abundantly clear that a program that I thought was unique, almost an epic, and fascinating, if a little drawn out, was unworthy of publicising in its weekly paper, and only refered to it on the schedule in about four lines. It was a re-enactment of the Premier of Handel’s Water Music as it was played on the River Thames back in the days of George I.

    BBC 4, presumably, had staged this because it was an anniversary. A small team of people, researchers, archivists, shipwrights, painters, sound engineers and musicians, the latter using period instruments, produced a spectacle that one was likely never to see again, in ideal circumstances, accompanying Handel’s exquisite music. The logistics of this project were mind-boggling, they had to find a vessel which looked like an 18th century royal barge, which alone was a mixture of persistence and luck. The conductor had to experiment with the aid of the musicians, to find the best order in which to place the musicians on the barge, for the best musical effect with these unusual instruments, and also so the musicians themselves could hear one another while sailing down the Thames. The sound engineers had to experiment with these different instruments being played on water to discover if they could be heard and recorded ashore as well. The barge had to be modified, decorated painted. The musicians had to be robed, and provided with wigs, in such a way that they looked the part, but could play just as they were. In one instance a wig gave serious problems. The barge itself was referred to as a ‘dumb barge’ which implied that it had neither power nor steering and would require a tug to propel it, and another astern to steer it through all the bridges that have been built between the Houses of Parliament and Chelsea over the intervening years. The amount of current research going back hundreds of years was incredible, and this paragraph does not give credit to the amount of work that these people put into this project.

    The spectacle started at Westminster in broad daylight and finished at Chelsea in darkness. As the progression went on it was noticeable that none of the public knew this was happening because those watching from the bank were patently there for another reason, and they were very few. The sight of that barge in daylight was wonderful, and if people onshore could hear the music as we did, the scene would have lived with them for the rest of their lives. The barge in the evening, allegedly lit by candles, but probably assisted by battery driven light, was also beautiful.

    The logistics with respect to the water are probably the reason why wasn’t publicised in London. They would have to take into account the state of the tide at a given time, fine weather, and a relatively calm river. From the film it was clear that they have fulfilled all these requirements, and probably this prevented them publicising the occasion as a lot of people could have been disappointed if the parameters were not achieved. But nonetheless this does not stop the Radio Times from doing more to promote it than they did. I just hope that BBC 4 gives this as many repeats as we get of other programmes from the past.

  • Comparisons are not always odious

    There are still a few of us around, born just after the First World War, living through a number of credit crunches, highs and lows, that has given us a different perspective to those who govern us today. Born into the tail end of the Victorian era, people were straightlaced, talked of being gentlemanly, ladylike, with words like indecency, disrespect and consideration, as common currency. We played in the street because the only thing likely to knock us over was a horse and cart travelling little more than walking pace. Everyone cycled everywhere, and the trams, buses and trains were modes of transport. There was little change from the 20s until well after the end of the Second World War, because that was the credit crunch of all time. Open land, originally the Common land of olden times, had become Commons and parks where we played in the holidays and after school.

    Commons, in WW2 were turned into allotments and many never recovered. In recent years school playing areas have been sold for housing, and so the recreational areas have diminished considerably with time, and even cycling, let alone playing in the street is now impossible. In the 20s and 30s the working-class and the upper-class had rules of their own, the majority, the so-called middle-class, was hidebound, pretentious and relatively impecunious, and so much of the fun of life was frowned upon, and my reckoning was there was very little drinking let alone drunkenness. Has it occurred to you that a bus full of people in the 20s has now been converted into some 60 cars with one man one-car?

    The Labour government, and I include the Blair era, have constantly run flags up the pole to see who would salute them, and like this proposed tax on alcohol, if the opposition was too strong they ducked out. When we were young, right up to the end of WW2, drinking to excess was not as common as one is led to believe, because we hadn’t the money. Wages were terribly low, in my first job, I was 17, I earned half a crown a week, which equates to five pounds today, and paid my fares and lunches. Even in the Navy, some people would drink to excess on an occasion, but as we spent so little time ashore, and the only booze aboard was rum or in the Wardroom, one was generally not likely to become addicted. My father was an alcoholic in the 20s, he lived as a colonial official, in Rhodesia, where there were very few whites, there was also a pecking order, and so socialisation was both limited and repetitive. I’m sure that booze would not have been taxed and was consequently cheap. I remember as a child that the adults had sundowners nearly every night. Limited socialisation is a total bore.

    The difference of life today from anything we have seen before has been engineered through considerable affluence, the desire to embrace standards that are unaffordable, and in some cases, a complete rejection of the necessity of moral standards. Those who have suffered most are the children living in deprived areas, with no facilities to give them a challenge, except gang warfare, with parental control almost nonexistent, irresponsible, or spasmodic. These statements are not a case of discovering the wheel, everybody knows about them, but only the odd charity tries to stem the tide. There are local schools, probably with a the lovely gymnasium marked out as a badminton court, with a hall that seats hundreds, all lying idle for months at a time, sitting firmly amid playing fields. Raising the price of booze will achieve nothing. I am not suggesting an overall strategy, but I think that with careful planning, a programme of games, practical work, interests such as the performing arts, teaching of the hobby-type pursuits, designed to interest the various age groups, with proper supervision, might be worth experimenting in a number of areas to see what exactly could be achieved, instead of a broad brush approach, which the majority of the people have no faith in.

    It is clear now that this credit crunch is not a seven-day wonder, and one of the worst aspects is that factories will be falling vacant. It strikes me that here is an opportunity, not as a permanency, but as a short-term experiment, to use the space of an empty factory to provide leisure facilities for the young, the not so young, and possibly even my generation, that they all share on different evenings, and thus broaden their interests and their outlook. A word of warning. I was a latchkey child looking for companionship and interest. For a while I found this in the Scout movement and later I went to a number of youth clubs, set up by generous amateurs. The problems with these were that they were dowdy, poorly lit, the facilities were old and sparse. If it is a trial run, it has to be done properly and expertly, if any true answers are to come from it

  • The fundamentals of banking Part 2, an alternative solution

    To simplify my thinking I take the theoretical case of a man who successfully opened a television shop, and built up an empire throughout the UK. At 65 he retired and his son took over with disastrous results from bad management, with the consequent debts. No public body would dream of bailing him out. In the case of banks, they are the guardians of peoples’ savings which they use as a basis of their trading, and their other activities are nothing more nor less than barter, as with the television shop. Considering money as a commodity, then it is easy to realise that when a bank gives you a mortgage the transaction has the same connotation as purchasing on the never-never. What keeps the whole system afloat is the fact that people with surplus money lend to the bank, and those who need money, borrow, and the banks, overall, do a balancing act, between borrowing and lending , in the way bookmakers lay off. What happened was that the government took its eye off the ball when the banks started a competitive need to increase their status, come what may.

    Initially forgetting about the overseas investments made by the banks, the repair system demands that those who had savings in the banking system, keeping the system afloat, not investments in banking products, should be compensated for their loss. The new system introduced should revert to something close to the building society model, with the government actually instituting its own banking system and buying up the UK properties from the existing banks at the current face value, or outstanding mortgage value, not the value at the time of the mortgage. This then aids the building society concept for the new government bank, and leaves the existing banks with the problems they have made for themselves. The banks after all are private companies, why should we be pumping money into them when we are not pumping it into failing businesses? Why should we, the taxpayer, be saddled with debts for purchases in other countries, just because the banks were based in this country? We are told that the money that has been lost is unrecoverable as a high proportion of it is stagnating in offshore banks. If that is the case it is tantamount to a vast sum of money being lost in a fire. It would therefore seem logical to irrevocably change the form that money takes so that that which is being stored off shore becomes obsolete, and it is then possible to print new money to fill the gap which otherwise would never be filled. Feeding our money back into a system that has so obviously failed, and for which we have no assurance that it will not fail again, seems ludicrous, against having a totally new banking system, state-controlled, including a national pension fund, and not in any way subject to the rise and fall of the money markets, which are an entirely different issue, subject to suspect trading

  • The fundamentals of banking applied to the credut crunch, Part 1

    When reading this, you may disagree with what I say, or you might think I am wired to the moon, but at least I have made you think. Today in politics, when things go very wrong, those responsible no longer resign, they talk their way out of trouble in sound-bites. The press and I, three years ago were warning that the burgeoning national internal debt would lead to trouble, yet the government did nothing about it, for whatever reason. If they got us into this mess, why should we believe they will get us out of it? I give here, a simplistic, and personal, not professional, assessment of the development of banking and in Part 2, suggest how the credit crunch should have been tackled. Historically there were individuals who travelled the world lending money to kings, emperors, etc, to enable them to carry out huge projects such as wars, on the strength of a promissory note for repayment with interest within a time limit. The borrowers couldn’t afford to welsh as they would need to be borrowing money again. The lenders, like bookmakers, shared the risk, in case the borrower was unsuccessful and had been killed in the meantime. The average citizen possibly borrowed from a pawnbroker in a similar manner, but saving probably started for the man in the street in the Victorian era, where people put away money for a rainy day, to pay for a funeral, and healthcare. After WW2 building societies really opened up, virtually allowing people to lend money to them at a small interest rate. This was seen as a safe haven as it was supported by tangible assets. Then the sudden switch by the building societies to become banks, where the assets were now dependent upon the state of the financial market, was a worrying trend, and the writing was on the wall.

    The pension funds are a different kettle of fish to savings, and a lot of them are conducted by investment in the stock exchange, and therefore do not fit into my definition of savings. I have always believed, ever since the pension fund of the newspaper workers in London was raided, that pensions for all should be a matter of government responsibility on the same principle, where the employer makes a contribution as well as the worker. The paperwork is virtually done through the Inland Revenue. If you take the pensions system over all, once the balance has been built up between savings and outgoings, the differential will be minuscule as a percentage, while the government will have the benefit of the capital. In this way it is possible for workers to shift from one job to another and carry the pension with them. I lost eight years of pension through working for the government in the Navy and several other government departments, because my pension was not contributed to by me. This situation would then be avoided. Pension funds are raided now on a regular basis, and this is a scandal. If the government takes over the pension funding system, the outgoings, initially, will be greater than the income, but will not be crippling, because it is paid on a weekly or monthly basis, while at the same time a commensurate amount of money is building up the fund. For five or six years there might be a deficit as a result of our generation living longer, but I believe that longevity will return to a lower level as a result of the lifestyle currently enjoyed

    The majority of people saving their money either used the building societies, or were of an older generation, as we are, and saved at a low interest rate in the bank. People with large sums of money tended to invest in the stock exchange, which is a different kettle of fish, and I am not suggesting that this money should be repaid. Operating on the stock exchange was always a risky business and never more so than now.

  • To my regular readers, this is a reason not an excuse

    I suspect that some of you think I have given up, others might think I’m dead, but the fact is, I and Sophie, my wife, have had an horrendous five months. We mutually shared the virus in November, which put her into hospital on Christmas Eve for 16 days. The doctors required us, for future safety, to transferred our bedroom to the ground floor, because climbing the stairs could be fatal for her. With the help of my grandchildren this was achieved, but because I think I’m 40, instead of being 86, I too shifted furniture and wrecked my shoulder to the point where even moving the mouse on the computer was painful. She came home, and I nursed her until one night, to avoid putting on the light and waking her, I groped my way in this strange new bedroom, spun round and fell heavily, and crushed my spine. I had a week in hospital, and have been virtually chair bound ever since. It is only now that I have discovered that during those months my website went haywire.

    Recently, I have been considering revamping the website. There is no shadow of doubt in my mind that my Dutch friend, Jan, is right when he says that my website is being used by schools as an historical source, for the schoolchildren doing projects. The hits during term time rise rapidly, and drop off on the next lot of school holidays. All the time this justifies maintaining the historical part, I shall go on occasionally making comments, and in time I shall change the format of the website. From my point of view, it is nice to be back, and thank you for reading the blog.

  • Greed

    It’s a fair comment if you say I’m a reactionary. A lot of what I write has that implication. I constantly compare our lifestyles today with those, of the even and relaxed 30s. While acceding to the fact that some of the aspects of our lives have been improved by progress, I believe that that same progress has come at a very dear cost. It was the rehash of a crazy, totally dotty film, ‘The girls of St Trinnions’ that prompted my thoughts. If you have read my blog, I believe you will see that I have led quite a tough life, on the lower deck in the Navy, in one of the hardest professions, heavy engineering, and so do not consider myself to be a powderpuff. But when a film, shows one girl head-butting another and considers this funny, at a time when aggressive interaction is considered a serious problem, it gives me more than pause for thought, and so I fear I will be going over old ground again. To my regular readers I apologise.

    Today we are being sold short in so many aspects of our lives. The quality of our leaders leaves so much to be desired, because it is now a job, with all that implies, not a vocation, and those with the real ability are no longer going into politics. The serious, and wrong decisions made over the last few years, and the gross mismanagement which has affected us all, in so many departments, such as banking, going to war, child support, the health service, public transport, serious crime, road maintenance, and now air traffic control, just to mention a few, cause one to question how this could come about in such huge proportions, with hard-working people being disadvantaged because they made the right decisions at the wrong time through no-fault of their own, savers losing their capital and the taxpayer being forced to pick up the bill, whether he thinks it’s fair or not. Greed and lack of probity are the root cause. Throughout the world, not only in this nation, has the shortcut to wealth by any means, been to the advantage of a few at the expense of the majority. It would seem that the throwaway ethos has crept into every aspect, where respected and once responsible organisations such as the BBC, stoop to sharp practice. Where the government in its lack of wisdom, and our money, provides for and encourages spending with a view to helping the small traders and manufacturers with their cash flow, then discovers that only the major players with their periodic one-off sales are gleaning the cash and pandering to the natural innate greed of the individual.

    Responsibility and consideration for others, is still the standard of some, but is no longer the general yardstick, people no longer put their names and addresses on advertisements for services, they merely use a word that gives a reference to their offer and a mobile telephone number. This in itself is an indication that trust has gone out the window. The person offering the services, for some reason is not using his own name and address, and the person wishing to employ them will be questioning the level of trust he can equate when he is inviting them into his house. Everyone knows of cases where, when receiving a handful of change which includes a bill and notes as well as silver and copper, there are occasions when ‘mistakes’ can be made and the purchaser is short-changed. I’m not saying that this did not occur in the 30s, but then people had not the same opportunities for advancement. Parental control was both harsher and sterner. School discipline was rigid and in some cases excessive. Workers accepted their position equably, and their ordained future as generations before them had done. The woman’s place was in the home, the man was the breadwinner, and to some extent their roles were maintained. Now everything has changed, there is a greater increase in single parents, people expect the state to provide more, and the desire for aggrandisement in every walk of life is now commonplace. This has resulted in the buy now pay later or never, ethos, criminal activity to a level where people have the shred their own mail from fear of theft, where people don’t integrate as they used to and the whole scene of entertainment would appear to be based on impossible thuggery, razzmatazz for its own sake, and cheaper and poorer quality productions as the norm.

    The problem is, the choice of parties seems much of the same quality, with rughly the same political backgrounds and experience, so the outcome may be little better.